Protocol-independent Detection of Dictionary Attacks

Data throughput of current high-speed networks makes it prohibitively expensive to detect attacks using conventional means of deep packet inspection. The network behavior analysis seemed to be a solution, but it lacks in several aspects. The academic research focuses on sophisticated and advanced detection schemes that are, however, often problematic to deploy into the production. In this paper we try different approach and take inspiration from industry practice of using relatively simple but effective solutions. We introduce a model of malicious traffic based on practical experience that can be used to create simple and effective detection methods. This model was used to develop a successful proof-of-concept method for protocol-independent detection of dictionary attacks that is validated with empirical data in this paper

Whole-plant mineral partitioning during the reproductive development of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow. Understanding these phenomena in a model plant such as rice could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced cultivars. A whole-plant mineral accumulation study was performed in rice (cv. Kitaake), using sequential harvests during reproductive development panicle exertion, grain filling, and full maturity stages in order to characterize mineral accumulation in roots, non-flag leaves, flag leaves, stems/sheaths, and panicles. Partition quotient analysis showed that Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni are preferentially accumulated in roots; Mn and Mg are accumulated in leaves; Mo, Ca, and S in roots and leaves; and K in roots, leaves and stems/sheaths. Correlation analysis indicated that changes in the concentrations of mineral pairs Fe-Mn, K-S, Fe-Ni, Cu-Mg, Mn-Ni, S-Mo, Mn-Ca, and Mn-Mg throughout the reproductive development of rice were positively correlated in all four of the above ground organs evaluated, with Fe-Mn and K-S being positively correlated also in roots, which suggest that root-to-shoot transfer is not driven simply by concentrations in roots. These analyses will serve as a starting point for a more detailed examination of mineral transport and accumulation in rice plants

Cleaning Your House First: Shifting the Paradigm on How to Secure Networks

International audienceThe standard paradigm when securing networks is to filter ingress traffic to the domain to be protected. Even though many tools and techniques have been developed and employed over the recent years for this purpose, we are still far from having secure networks. In this work, we propose a paradigm shift on the way we secure networks, by investigating whether it would not be efficient to filter egress traffic as well. The main benefit of this approach is the possibility to mitigate malicious activities before they reach the Internet. To evaluate our proposal, we have developed a prototype and conducted experiments using NetFlow data from the University of Twente

Consistency of maternal cognitions and principles across the first five months following preterm and term deliveries.

The aims of this study were to examine and compare the development of parenting cognitions and principles in mothers following preterm and term deliveries. Parenting cognitions about child development, including thinking that is restricted to single causes and single outcomes (categorical thinking) and thinking that takes into account multiple perspectives (perspectivist thinking), have been shown to relate to child outcomes. Parenting principles about using routines (structure) or infant cues (attunement) to guide daily caregiving have been shown to relate to caregiving practices. We investigated the continuity and stability of parenting cognitions and principles in the days following birth to 5 months postpartum for mothers of infants born term and preterm. All parenting cognitions were stable across time. Categorical thinking increased at a group level across time in mothers of preterm, but not term, infants. Perspectivist thinking increased at a group level for first-time mothers (regardless of birth status) and tended to be lower in mothers of preterm infants. Structure at birth did not predict later structure (and so was unstable) in mothers of preterm, but not term, infants and neither group changed in mean level across time. Attunement was consistent across time in both groups of mothers. These results indicate that prematurity has multiple, diverse effects on parenting beliefs, which may in turn influence maternal behavior and child outcomes.Alice Winstanley was supported by a National Institutes of Health–Wellcome Trust four-year PhD studentship (084911/Z/08/Z), and Rebecca Sperotto was supported by a PhD studentship from the Waterloo Foundation and School of Psychology, Cardiff University. Diane L. Putnick and Marc H. Bornstein were supported by the intramural program of the NIH, NICHD.This is the final published version. It was originally published by Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163638314000939#